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It almost looks like some kind of laterite? Not brown enough though.
Have you had any more deaths since the original post? I think it would be better not to mess with the pH so long as it isn't too low. Again, I am curious what the actual reading is since your test kit bottoms out at 6.
FYI, fish do not seem to be bothered as much by pH alteration from CO2 as they are from other chemical alteration of pH. So, injecting CO2, while it will further lower your pH, should not be harmful to your fish, so long as it is done in moderation. You want to aim for around 25-30 ppm CO2. With your tank, the only accurate way to get a good determination on CO2 concentration might be to use a drop checker with a standard reference solution of 4 degrees KH.
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