Adding CO2 will always benefit a planted tank (assuming there is adequate light).
It is possible to overdose a tank with DIY Co2, but pretty difficult to actually have happen.
You can measure CO2 levels in your tank a couple of different ways. You can use pH and KH values and plug them into the following formula:
CO2 (in PPM) = 3 * KH * 10^( 7-pH )
Or you can get a drop checker that will give you almost realtime readings of your approx. CO2 levels (I say almost realtime because a drop checker lags by around 30 minutes or so behind what your tank is actually at).
Yes injecting CO2 will lower your pH, but it will not harm your fish. Fish seem to be unaffected by pH swings caused by CO2 addition (of course this would not be true in the extreme, say if you had a MAJOR pH crash due to accidently overdosing CO2).
My suggestion for a course of action would be to start with 2 1L bottles (so you can stagger mixture changes... if you just setup 1 2L bottle, it will go like mad in the beginning, keeping CO2 high, and as the mixture peters out, it will be low and unstable, leading to BB Algae).
2 1L bottles with mixture changes staggered every 4-5 days or so would probably put you right around 30 ppm CO2 if you mix it right, and that is right where you want to be.
Of course, pressurized CO2 is also an option, even on a 10GAL tank. It is a little more expensive initially, but WAY easier to control, and WAY easier to maintain.