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The pH probe in the aquarium keeps track of the pH of the water. The pH controller turns the solenoid on the regulator on and off according to the pH value you set on the controller. If you have the controller set at 6.8, the controller will turn the solenoid on, releasing the CO2, when the pH of the water rises above 6.8 and turning it off when the pH of 6.8 is reached again.
I have a pH controller and I like this system. It's not absolutely necessary but it does keep your pH pretty constant. It also saves CO2 since it only turns on when the pH rises. The CO2 isn't running constantly. I had a 5 lb. canister on a 10 gallon tank and it lasted for about a year and a half. The downside is that the controller system is rather expensive.
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