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Or micro sword!

Betta breeding is not just a fun process, I don't mean to be critical but spawning bettas will be hard and you need to have the time to raise 100+ betta fry, do water changes very frequently and then separate all of them once they reach a certain age. You need plans for further housing for all...

I don't like tall hex tanks and 360 cylinder type tanks.

Only some species of tetras can live in a 10 gallon remember to look that up and also the compatibility. I don't know if I would go for tankmates in a 10 gallon with a betta especially without a backup plan. You could divide the tank and have 2 bettas!

A quarantine tank would be fine but I'd probably suggest 5 gallons or 2.5 gallons as it'll be easier to maintain and heat and keep stable. And if your betta doesn't work out in the tank, you can always make the quarantine a permanent tank. A tank almost 99% of the time can never be too big, you...

If they were like that in the cup I'm thinking it was just because of his terrible conditions, do water changes really regularly in that 1 gallon and make sure the parameters are good. Usually clamped fins are a symptom of something else which I think would be the bad water conditions and...

He isn't moving his pectoral fins at all? What size is your tank? What are the parameters and is it cycled? Do you have a heater and filter? Did you acclimate the fish? What is the temperature of the water? He could just be shocked at the sudden change and adjusting.

A picture of him would be great to help everyone find out what's wrong with him.

How big are the tanks, and what is the wattage and brand of the heaters? How cold is the room temperature? It's usually said that heaters should be near the filter current as it helps distribute the heat throughout the whole tank.

Neon tetras have a tendency to nip fins, especially if they don't have a large enough school. But you could work it out in a 20 gallon with your betta, be prepared to separate them if something happens. I know Corydoras are also an option, you should have a small shoal and sand substrate...

Nah, dwarf puffer fish are fully freshwater (pea puffer)

cool, I'm also setting up a 10 gallon (mediumish) planted tank! There's going to be 1 or two dwarf puffers.

And no we shouldn't stop keeping fish, as long as we make sure to get fish from breeders and not the wild

How the saltwater hobby is destroying our oceans I like to think most good aquarists will buy fish from reputable sellers and fish and live rock/dry rock that isn't taken away from the wild. Especially since even though it's environmental effects are terrible, it's just cruel to take a fish...

Any low light plants will do, anubias (extremely hardy) amazon sword, java ferns, anacharis, bacopa. Make sure you have good enough lighting to grow them though and if possible try getting fertilizers like root tabs (for root feeders) and liquid fertilizers like seachem flourish for plants that...

Oops sorry I was thinking of amazon sword, anyways yes ^^ java ferns take in most of their nutrients from the water column so you could try dosing seachem flourish comprehensive. It might just be old leaves dying off and new leaves coming in. Use the tips above

There might not be enough nutrients in the water for your java fern, maybe you can buy some root tabs for the ferns since they get their nutrients from the substrate

Regardless of food concerns I urge you to look up proper housing limit for goldfish. You would need a minimum a 60 gallons for that amount of GOLDFISH and that's not even ideal. Remember goldfish live for more than 10 years with proper care and you should be committed to providing their needs as...

No you shouldn't, separate him in a quarantine tank and treat him.

kH pH and co2 have a relationship but you can't use the kH test kit as the measure of co2, the measurement is of the kH

This is a great link I used when I started learning http://www.fishlore.com/fishforum/ph/113548-understanding-ph-kh-gh-home-aqauriums.html

kH is carbonate hardness or buffering capacity. This affects the pH of the water. Having a higher kH is typically good because that will prevent pH swings that could be deadly. You must lower the kH to lower the pH and it is difficult. gH or general hardness is the measure of water hardness...