Your Airstone Question
Hello Sean...
I tossed all the airstones in my tanks a long time ago. The little bubbles look pretty in the tank, but a good power filter will provide much more gas exchange, the process of getting oxygen into the tank and carbon dioxide out.
You don't really need the bubbles. An airstone provides a lot of bubbles, but the bubbles, even a lot of them provide very little gas exchange. The bubble has a very small surface and it rises so quickly and escapes. So, there's little or no gas exchange. The bubbles do move the water a little, so there's some benefit.
All you really need is a good power filter that has a gph (gallon per hour) rating that's roughly 6 times the volume of your tank. Don't forget to change half the water in your tank every week too.
B