That seems very strange to have happened in two days! Did you forget some water changes for the last few months or something (its ok, it happens to the best of us if it did). A tank that has been going for a year should not have something like this happen in such a short amount of time. Are there kids in the house? Did something maybe get dropped in there by accident? Even with a filter not running for a couple days, you should be fine. They may need a good water change and a little TLC, but not to the level that you are taking.
Either way, keep doing your water changes, it seems that it has leveled off, which is good. If you do not have plants, be sure to keep vacuuming the gravel. I am happy for you that you could save what you did, and feel bad that this happened. Just keep at it, and you will get back in order. if the water changes are working, you can probably start tapering them off slowly to 25% every few days or so. Just be sure to keep a good close eye on them for the next few weeks.
Good luck!