Changing that much water if you don't do regular water changes could have been what caused the fish to perish. The fish become adapted to thier water over time. A lot of people perform PWC's weekly.
As for the GW, that is one tough cookie to get ride of in most cases. Since you really don't have a planted tank, have you considered performing a black out on the tank for about a week? That would entail wrapping the aquarium with blankets or the like to ensure no light enters and not running the aquarium lights. The plant would have to be removed when you do this. Only feed the fish every other day and perform PWC frequently during this period.
Monitoring the tanks chemistry would be a good idea. As the algae dies it will add to the bioload and most likely cause an NH3 and NO2/NO3 increase.
If that is not possible, those that have had this problem use either a UV sterilizer or diatom filter to either kill the algae or remove it.
From personnel experience, I used a diatom filter and cleaned my tank in about 2 hours. The algae was never seen again. That was about a year ago. Some LFS's rent out diatom filters. My diatom filter was nothing more then a magnum 350 cannister filter that had the Micron Cartridge installed and coated with diatom powder.
EDIT: Just wanted to clarify some things. I didn't mean to make it seem as though you neglected your tank. Monthly PWC's, if that is what you are doing, is fine with most people as long as you don't have a high bioload. IE the NO3's (Nitrates) don't built up too much during this time. Even though NO3's are not as harmful to fish as NH3 (ammonia) and NO2 (nitrItes), it is still harmful in high concentrations.
That and adding water that is vastly different in tempature could have caused the same problem.
Sudden changes to your fishs environment are very stressful to them. Though I can't blame you for wanting to get ride of the GW. I can't say I wouldn't have done the same thing. Just know that algae spores are very hardy and have evolved to become very hard to over come. Even changing all the water will not ride yourself of GW as you already know. The algae spores are all over your aquarium including in the substrate.