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How is PAR calculated? I've bought some lamps and observed them with a calibrated spectrometer. Now I would like to use that data I've collected to calculate the PAR value for these lamps. By eye, I can see that this lamp will not have a high PAR value.

So I am thinking about buying a black hi fin pleco as its described in my local fish store. I know I should avoid "common plecos" because they get big, is this the "common pleco" everyone warns of?

Would you folks please lend me a few minutes to help me identify this plant's species?

I'm using a sugar-yeast CO2 system and a white froth is growing on my diffuser. Any ideas?

In the past, every aquarium I every saw had a cover or a hood on top of it. Nowadays this has changed and I see many aquariums without covers. Is there a reason for this or are styles just changing?

A few colonies of cyanobacteria have cropped up in my tank. At first, I wasn't bothered because the colonies were not out of hand. A few quarter sized spots on my gravel. Nowadays, they cover the leaves of all of my plants and are causing them to suffer. Can anyone lend me some advice on...