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Recent content by RogerMcAllen
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For the most part, liquid water can only get to 0 C before it turns to ice. As long as there is liquid in your pond, the water is no less than 0C. This is why the pond has to be so deep, the earth 4' down does not drop like the surface does.
The temperature swings won't matter, the earth...
You are going to want to go at least 4-5' deep.
Keep standard goldfish (comets) in a pond as long as it doesn't freeze solid, but I do not think this works with fancies such as shubunkins.
You should get something like this for a liner.
Essentially. For a quick cost estimate check out this thread where I priced out a fairly reasonable starter pond.
For the most part the liner is going to be the most expensive part. To do size calculations add 2x depth + width + 2' (edging). If you wanted a 4'x4' pond that was 3' deep you...