since no one has really said it instead they just told you to read something, ill explain what cycling the tank is. This will give you an idea. sounds a lot harder then it really is.
when you have fish they give off ammonia. Ammonia is very poisonous to fish. There are bacteria in the tank(mainly in your filter and substrate). these bacteria break down the ammonia and turn it into nitrite. nitrite is also poisonous so even more bacteria breaks that down into nitrAte. nitrate is not very harmful in small doses but that is why you do water changes. you take out some of the water(usually 20% a week, so in your case 2 gallons) and put fresh water in.
The problem with new tanks is that there isnt any bacteria. you need time for that bacteria to multiply. the fastest way to jump start a cycle is if you know someone that has a cycled tank, you can ask them for their filter media or gravel from their tank. now that you have bacteria in your tank you need to keep it alive. i personally like to do a fish in cycle. i find some hardy fish or cheap fish like zebra danios, neons, tiger barbs. the fish will give off ammonia and feed the bacteria and the bacteria will multiply.
in order to tell where you are at in the cycle you will need a test kit. once your ammonia and nitrites are very very very low or non existent and you have nitrates you cycle is most likely done.
if anyone sees any mistakes let me know.
P.S.
When i say i like to do a fish in cycle this only really happens if i do not have any tanks up and running which has only happened twice. otherwise i just take filter media and gravel from my cycled tanks and the water wait a day or two and throw some inexpensive fish in there and do 10% daily water changes from the middle to the surface of the tank for about a week. i rarely lose a fish like this maybe 1 in 20 fish but that doesnt really seem too bad. this is just how i set up a new tank and i feel that it works for me.