difference between base and alkalinity

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They are not the same thing.

Alkalinity is a measurement of how much neutralizing capability a solution has.

A base is a compound that is made up of of negative ions. They are often used interchangeably but are not the same. If the solution contains hydroxide ions (OH-), it is referred to as an alkali base, so the lines obviously get blurred very easily.
 
pH is a measure of the concentration of protons (Hydrogen atoms with no electron) in solution. In a literal sense the p means inverse log of. The H means proton concentration, or [H+].

At pH 5, [H+]= 10^-5 = 0.00001
At pH 6, [H+]= 10^-6 = 0.000001
At pH 7, [H+]= 10^-7 = 0.0000001
At pH 8, [H+]= 10^-8 = 0.00000001
At pH 9, [H+]= 10^-8 = 0.000000001

An acid is a compound that can lose protons. When more protons go into solution, the concentration rises, and the pH lowers (if that makes any sense).

A base is a compound that can pick up protons. When a base goes into solution the number of free protons decrease, and the pH rises.

Alkalinity is the total amount of bases in your water. Most of the base in your water is probably carbonate, so it is essentially a measure of how much carbonate is in the water.
 
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