This is one of the many myths of fish keeping lore. Ich cannot live without a host for more than a few days.
Ich can live on a fish unseen because a healthy fish is typically capable of protecting itself. However, it is rare for this to happen after treatment for an Ich outbreak. Also, any type of stress to a fish that is carrying ich can cause an outbreak, not just poor water quality.
So, back to the OP's original question. It depends on your tank temperature but you should continue to treat for 3-5 days after visible signs disappear. Please note that this is different than waiting. You need to have continuous treatment of the Ich by whatever method you choose.
Also, since you have learned your lesson with Ich and are going to be quarantining your new fish for 2 weeks in a separate tank the waiting won't be an issue, right?