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Those are easy plants for the most part. You can light that tank with a single 48"t5ho bulb with a good reflector. You could probably get away with a dual t5ho setup with a sub-par reflector.
The two plants in the first post are echinodorus tenellus and some type of crypt. The second two pics are also crypts, maybe c. undulata but not 100% sure. Crypt IDs are difficult.
I've also had good results with the "studied neglect" process when it comes to eliminating bba in my 75g tank. Every time I did a water change it would result in a huge bba bloom. I stopped doing weekly 50% water changes and cut way back on nitrate dosing. I still dose P, K, and mircos though...
None of the plants you list need high light. A dual bulb t5ho fixture or even better, two single bulb fixtures for good front to back spread would work great.
I used one of these over a 20g long for a while. http://www.amazon.com/Aqueon-Coralife-05618-Aqualight-Freshwater/dp/B0009YHU2I
With that fixture you could grow most plants and have bulbs that extend the length of the tank. The downside is that the bulbs it comes with are not the best quality...
I have had co2 running to the same powerhead for at least 4 years with no negative effects that I can tell. If it does any damage to the impeller it probably does it over long time frames.
Since you have a canister filter you could always try an inline reactor though. I use one called a cerges...
You might want to consider putting the diffuser under or near the intake of the canister filter if it's not already. Some of the bubbles should get sucked into the filter a dissolve inside the canister. Way more efficient than letting the co2 bubble straight to the surface.
You can't simply replace your t8 bulb with a t5. For one a t5 won't fit into the t8 endcaps and the ballast for the t8 probably won't power the t5 properly.
You might be able to retrofit a ah supply 55w pc kit into your current fixture. The kit is 22" long so you will have a little gap on the ends but It's not that big of deal. The kit is 44.99 but does not come with a bulb. 36 or 55 watt Bright Kits
Here is a bulb for $6.50 Eiko 49312 -...
The EI starter kit on the page has probably every thing you need. Kno3 (for nitrate and potassium), KH2Po4 (for phosphate), and traces. You probably won't need the magnesium sulfate.
You might want to reconsider that. The plants you list don't require a lot of light to thrive and you are setting yourself up for a tank full of algae.
As far as light goes you could go with a t5ho setup. I'm not sure of the size of 90g but two 54w t5ho spread 5-6" apart if possible would be a...
If it's 55w it's a PC bulb. I had two of those AH supply lights over a 29g and it was a handful lol. You won't be disappointed with that purchase. Personally I would wait to get your co2 going same time you introduce that light.
Have you got fertilizers to dose?
Sounds like you have a nice selection of low light plants picked out so far. One word of caution though is that an amazon sword is going to overtake your ten gallon tank in short order. May I suggest adding a crypt in it's place? Just my $.02
I've never heard of that happening. Sounds like you're diffuser isn't working 100% maybe. Since you have a canister filter have you ever seen a cerges reactor? Almost 100% diffusion plus it's one less piece of equipment in the tank. Here is a blurry pic of mine
And while I'm at it I want to post this light chart made by Hoppy over on TPT. This chart assumes decent reflectors for t5ho lights. For the full article PAR vs Distance, T5, T12, PC - New Chart