Jetajockey had an article for fish in cycle. Just noticed the article link was given previously)edit* I have done all mine fish in and seeded fish in so I am happy to say it can be done but with added work!!!
Please just remember to not clean (only with old tank water/treated water) the filter media at the same time/week you vacuum / pwc the tank. Don't change filter pads till they are falling apart. This should save you from little bouts of mini cycles, and crashes because you keep your beneficial bacteria happy and plentiful.
What kinds of plants did you try? Did you keep them in with daily light?
I am newer to planted tanks but one of the tricks is to give the lighted period 8-10 hours usually, with a one hour rest period in the middle. I read it throws off the algae life/growth cycle. Still allows the low light plants light they need (with stock/regular hood light). You should probably address more specific questions in planted tanks about that. But we can help you here.
The types of plants you pick depends on the lighting for the most part and some for the water temp which can play a part in your cycle and plant growth.
Plants will help the tank too if they aren't the kinds that "melt", shed and die easily causing Nitrite/Nitrate spikes in your tank levels. You could have had some of your spikes from decaying plant matter. I have had melting experiences with Anacharis/Elodea, Hornwort, Star Grass/ Heteranthera zosterifolia. Some did great or fine and half melted. Had this happen and I didn't know it was dying/dead and it ended up killing a fish.
Don't buy unhealthy looking plants to start, can be BIG mistake. Choose awesome, healthy ones, don't settle!!!
I am adding a disclaimer, that I am not an expert, just my personal experience.
Just go very slow in adding fish.