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Some sort of algae; I know I had some grow on a similar piece of dry rock I put in my tank many years ago when it was first getting started. It faded away gradually as other life started to take hold.
It could also be green Coraline. Since Coraline comes in several different colors. Take the rock out see if you can scrape off. If it doesn't it Coraline. Which means your tank is starting to mature.