Step 1 - Rid the glass of algae (using an algae scrubber or magnet)
Step 2 - Scrub any decor that you might want cleaning (rocks and such can simply be scrubbed by a wire brush and left in some tank water you will remove later)
Step 3 - Turn off your heater (not essential but if you perform a large water change the heater could malfunction due to being cooled and heated at once)
Step 4 - Clean the substrate (using a gravel cleaning syphon, depending on the substrate you'll either want to skim the surface or dig deep down)
Step 5 - If cleaning the substrate didn't get rid of enough water then simply syphon out some more.
Step 6 - This is the time you'll want to clean your filters (if they need it), you should know how to do this.
Step 7 - Mix together the water you will be replacing from the tap and condition it with a chosen conditioner, I use Fluval Tap Conditioner (follow the guide on how much to use)
Step 8 - Add the water back and turn on your heater, feel free to let the water mix in more thoroughly before adding (a good half hour should be enough for freshwater, a good few days for saltwater)
Step 9 - Wait a few weeks and do it again.
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