The first one I'm not sure. Maybe lobelia cardinalis? Next two are Hygrophilia Difformis, and the last maybe Mayaca Fluvialtis? Not sure.
EDIT: The fourth is Moneywart or Bacopa Monnieri (sp?)
It appears to be. I'm not sure though. I like the Mayaca a lot.
Diatoms are because your water has silicates in it.. You could pluck the ones with diatoms on it or wipe them off but that wont do anything but clean it for a short time.. I would honestly just get a ton of nerite snails... I have 10 in my 27g hexagon and boy.. after a few weeks all my plants are diatom free and they clean the glass too... They also don't breed like other snails... Or you could get some seachem Phos Guard or API phos zorb bags... You stick them in your HOB filter and it remove silicates and phosphates.... although plants need phosphates.. my tank is heavily planted and I haven't noticed anything odd with no phosphates in my tank... I have noticed though literally after a week using these bags my diatom problem is gone... and I had diatoms for like 8 years in my tank.. due to my city water having silicates.
Any way the plants to me look like.. 2-3 are wisteria (3 is deff a giant wisteria plant), and 4 is moneywart and the 5th looks like anacharis plant. The first one I have no idea..
Diatoms are self limiting and once they use excess silicates in the water they will go away on their own. The only time they really become a problem is when your tap water has a lot of silicates in it or you substrate is leaching silicates.
I do not suggest using any type of phosphate remover, which also removes silicates, in a planted tank. Not only do plants need phosphates as it is a macro nutrient, green spot algae can also become a problem when phosphate levels are too low.
Try running your lighting 6 hours a day until you get past the diatom phase or run it 4 hours, off 2 hours, and then back on 4 hours. The longer the photoperiod the more diatoms will grow.
Also there is no reason to remove plants with diatoms as they will just regrow in new plants.