UV Sterilizer will PREVENT future algae spreading...but will do NOTHING about the current algae
Powerhead will create more surface movement thus you have more Co2 in the water, which should in theory reduce algae in future and current times...if properly placed
Filter depends on how powerful it is, and what type...if canister, then if outflow is placed properly so you get max surface movement, I'd say better than a powerhead as you get bonus filtration...if HOB, then only if it is powerful like 300gph or more i guess...
I'd go with any canister or a penguin 350 bio-wheel if you want a filter
and koralia powerheads if you want that
idk about UV as i don't own one..