Looks like it could be biofilm, which is a combination of sugars, fungus, and lots of other stuff. Biofilm is not particularly dangerous (shrimp and others like to eat it, but bettas, snails, and frogs don't). But it does suck oxygen, so as it grows it will take over and unbalance your tank. It grows on wood, food, and other surfaces. In your small tank it can be removed with a new toothbrush to grab; for any remaining shreds, a paper towel set at the edge of them should attract the bits and make them cling. If it's not biofilm, this should work to remove it too.