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I don't know about gouramis, but for the sucker fish you can weigh it down with a rock, clip it to the side or skewer it. I haven't personally tried lettuce ( or any other leafy veg) but I do feed other veges. If they are raw, like capsicum or cucumber I skewer them, but if cooked, like choko or sweet potato, they sink on their own.
Veges that I just blanch ( soften only the outside of the veg) like zucchini or asparagus I still need to skewer. I use a suction clip to hold the skewer to the glass for convenience sake. And my viewing pleasure lol!