I'd say that a lot depends on how healthy the plants are to begin with. As long as they have enough energy stored away and don't exhaust their reserves stretching, it would be unlikely to do more than possibly temporarily weaken them. If on the other hand the plants aren't very healthy to begin, don't have much in the way of energy reserves, and are exposed to prolonged dark periods they could die as a result. Most people report that the majority of their plants do fine, but often one or two species suffer greatly and/or don't make it. These are usually the plants that are in poor health to begin with and/or are more demanding or delicate.
I think that in a lot of ways it's similar to when you get really sick for a few days and don't eat much of anything. You may loose a bit of weight and are probably going to be a bit weak after you start getting better, but as soon as you start eating again you quickly return to your former health and strength.