I have duckweed with a HOB filter in a 14g tank. I attached a plastic cut out (from the top of a chinese food container) to the lid of the filter using duck tape so that water is blown down instead of outward, reducing surface agitation. Some water is still expelled out the sides, but it works great if you have floating plants in a small tank that came in a kit with a HOB filter. Overall, there is still just enough agitation to keep things peacefully floating around the surface, but not shooting all over the place.
I made sure to round the edges as to not create dangerous obstacles for the fish. Nonetheless, the plastic is soft and could barely cut butter. Also, I made sure there was some tension between the duck tape attached to the interior portion of the filter lid and plastic in order to angle the plastic in (if you don't, you might still have a enough forward flow to cause enough water agitation to blow floating plants around.) See the attached a picture if you want to see how I McGuyvered it.